Fig. 5

We generate 50 different network setups with \(N=20\) and for each setup perform a \((c, r)\) optimization with restriction on the allowed number of edges M (shown below each figure). From the resulting Pareto fronts, we take 50 vulnerable networks with given \(r\) and compute their motifs. For a single network, the result of motif computations are 13 z-scores that indicate how over- or underrepresented each subgraph is in the original network, compared to its randomized versions. This gives 50 z-score values for each of the subgraphs that form a distribution drawn with shaded vertical violin plots. Blue circles in the figures are the mean values and vertical lines with ticks are the standard deviations of these distributions