Fig. 7

Example of marginal layer and marginal node subgraph centralities of Halle (Saale). Central lines and stops are marked red and non-central lines and stops are marked blue. The entries in the supra-adjacency matrix are weighted with travel times and frequencies. The parameters are chosen \(\beta =0.5/\lambda _{\mathrm {max}}\), \(\sigma =5\), and \(\Delta t_{\mathrm {transfer}}=5\). The street network in the background of the plots is created with the OSMnx python package (Boeing 2017). Left: Marginal layer centralities (corresponding to a ranking of the lines). Right: Marginal node centralities (corresponding to a ranking of the stops)