Fig. 3

Complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) of funding entities’ (a) total number of unique ads (b) estimated total spend (c) estimated total impressions. For a given x value, the CCDF is defined as the number of funding entities that, for example, spent at least x dollars on their ads in aggregate. Note that some funding entities have an estimated total spend and estimated total impressions equal to zero as a consequence of summing the lower ends of each ad’s respective bins