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Table 2 Topical labels for the temporally-ensembled meta-clusters

From: Characterizing communities of hashtag usage on twitter during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic by multi-view clustering

Period 1

General Topic

Focus Level of Cluster

0

Multi-language, general use hashtags

low

1

Multi-lingual coronavirus-specific hashtags

low

2

News resources related hashtags

medium

3

Chinese focused hashtags (often of negative sentiment)

high

4

Thai related hashtags

medium

5

Economy/Commerce related hashtags

high

6

U.S. Politics related hashtags

high

7

technology and business related hashtags

high

8

Asian-languages hashtags

high

9

Multi-lingual, anti-racism and health news related hashtag

medium

10

French language and European related hashtags

medium

11

Italian language hashtags

high

12

Arabic script hashtags

high

13

All-caps hashtags with some Syrian Civil War hashtags

medium

Period 2

General Topic

Focus Level of Cluster

0

News and U.S. Politics related hashtags

medium

1

News-resources related hashtags

low

2

Commerce, Economy, and technology related hashtags

medium

3

Asian-languages hashtags

medium

4

Spanish language hashtags

medium

5

French language hashtags

high

6

Italian language hashtags

high

7

Turkish language with some conspiracy theory related hashtags

medium

8

Online entertianment related hashtags

hmedium

9

German language hashtags

medium

10

Arabic script and middle-east related hashtags

high

11

Australian and British news related hashtags

high

12

Online education related hashtags

high

Period 3

General Topic

Focus Level of Cluster

0

Spanish language and many general hashtags

low

1

Multi-lingual, coronavirus and general hashtags

low

2

Commerce, Economy, and technology related hashtags

medium

3

Multi-lingual, coronavirus and general hashtags

low

4

British news, anti-racism, and medical science related and hashtags

medium

5

U.S. Politics related hashtags

high

6

Arabic-script and location related hashtags

medium

7

Chinese focused hashtags (often of negative sentiment)

high

8

French language hashtags

high

9

Italian language hashtags

high

10

Canadian and climate change related hashtags

high

11

German language hashtags

medium

12

Asian languages hashtags

high

13

Indonesian and surrounding countries related hashtags

medium

14

Thai language hashtags

high

15

Turkish language hashtags

high

  1. Some clusters had much more focused and readily defined topics than did others. Also, some topics are persistent throughout all three time periods, while some only exist in a time period