Fig. 22

Measures concerning the edge betweenness centralities of a–c the Lattice small-world transition model, d–f the (u, v)-flower, g–i the real networks. a,d,g Average edge betweenness centrality; b,e,h maximum edge betweenness centrality; c,f,i average of the top 5% of edge betweenness centralities plotted against the logarithm of the number of nodes. The p-values in the title of each subfigure correspond to the Mann–Whitney U rank test performed on the corresponding metric values to see the statistical significance of the difference in the distribution of fractal and non-fractal networks