Fig. 8

S and Lyapunov cost. First and second top-down rows: from left to right we see \(\beta =1.1, 1.3\) and 1.4. Third and fourth top-down rows: from left to right we see \(\beta =1.6, 1.7\) and 1.9. First and third top-down rows: mean and standard deviation of S as a function of time t; Second and fourth top-down rows: Mean and standard deviation of the Lyapunov cost \({\mathcal {L}}\), energy dissipation \({\mathcal {E}}\) and structural cost \({\mathcal {M}}\) of transport densities. Red and blue lines denote \(t_P\) and \(t_{\mathcal {L}}\) for \(p = 1.05\)