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Table 10 Method, connectivity, and investigation type

From: Fraud, corruption, and collusion in public procurement activities, a systematic literature review on data-driven methods

Article No

Method

Connected network

Investigation type

1

Statistics

No

Exploratory

2

Network science

Yes

Exploratory

3

Statistics

No

Exploratory

4

Network science and machine learning

Yes

Labeled data

5

Network science

Yes

Exploratory

6

Network science

Yes

Exploratory

7

Network science

Yes

Labeled data

9

Machine learning

No

Labeled data

9

Network science

Yes

Exploratory

10

Network science and machine learning

Yes

Labeled data

11

Network science

Yes

Labeled data

12

Network science

Yes

Labeled data

13

Network science

Yes

Labeled data

14

Network science

Yes

Exploratory

15

Statistics

Yes

Exploratory

16

Machine learning

Yes

Labeled data

17

Machine Learning

No

Labeled data

18

Network science and statistics

Yes

Exploratory

19

Machine learning

No

Labeled data

20

Machine Learning

Yes

Labeled data

21

Machine learning

No

Labeled data

22

Network science

Yes

Labeled data

23

Network science

Yes

Labeled data

24

Network science

Yes

Labeled data

25

Machine learning and statistics

No

Exploratory

26

Network science and machine learning

Yes

Exploratory

27

Network science and statistics

Yes

Exploratory

28

Machine learning

Yes

Labeled data

29

Machine learning

No

Labeled data

30

Clustering Using REpresentatives (CURE)

No

Labeled data

31

Network science

Yes

Exploratory

32

Network science and statistics

Yes

Exploratory

33

Network science

Yes

Labeled data

34

Machine learning

Yes

Labeled data

35

Network science

Yes

Exploratory

36

Network science

Yes

Exploratory

37

Machine learning and statistics

No

Exploratory

38

Network science and machine learning

No

Labeled data

39

Network science

Yes

Exploratory

40

Network science

Yes

Exploratory

41

Network science

No

Exploratory

42

Network science

Yes

Labeled data

43

Network science

Yes

Labeled data

44

Machine learning

Yes

Labeled data

45

Statistics

Yes

Labeled data

46

Statistics

No

Exploratory

47

Machine learning

No

Labeled data

48

Network science

Yes

Labeled data