| Model 1: individual predictors | Model 2: composition and quality of care indicators | Model 3: individual predictors, composition and quality of care indicators |
---|---|---|---|
Hazard ratio [95% CI] adjusted for age, sex, level of care, individual predictors | Hazard ratio [95% CI] adjusted for age, sex, level of care | Hazard ratio [95% CI] adjusted for age, sex, level of care, individual predictors | |
Sex female (Reference male) | 1.24* [1.21; 1.28] | 1.21* [1.18; 1.24] | 1.24* [1.21; 1.28] |
Level of care none (Reference level of care 1) | 0.19* [0.15; 0.23] | 0.17* [0.13; 0.20] | 0.19* [0.15; 0.23] |
Level of care 2 (Reference level of care 1) | 1.25* [1.22; 1.28] | 1.99* [1.94; 2.03] | 1.26* [1.23; 1.29] |
Level of care 3 (Reference level of care 1) | 0.86* [0.83; 0.90] | 1.77* [1.71; 1.85] | 0.86* [0.82; 0.89] |
Age | 1.06* [1.05; 1.06] | 1.04* [1.04; 1.04] | 1.06* [1.05; 1.06] |
Composition of the provider network | Â | Â | Â |
 Composition: general practitioners |  | 1.04 [0.91; 1.19] | 1.01 [0.88; 1.16] |
 Composition: ophthalmologists |  | 1.18* [1.00; 1.38] | 1.14 [0.97; 1.34] |
 Composition: surgeons |  | 1.14 [0.98; 1.32] | 1.08 [0.94; 1.25] |
 Composition: multidisciplinary practices |  | 1.07 [0.94; 1.22] | 1.04 [0.91; 1.19] |
 Composition: therapists |  | 1.08 [0.95; 1.24] | 1.04 [0.91; 1.19] |
 Composition: internists |  | 1.10 [0.96; 1.26] | 1.06 [0.93; 1.21] |
 Composition: orthopaedics |  | 1.06 [0.92; 1.24] | 1.03 [0.89; 1.20] |
 Composition: psychologists and psychotherapists |  | 1.08 [0.94; 1.24] | 1.04 [0.90; 1.19] |
 Composition: other disciplines |  | 1.08 [0.95; 1.24] | 1.04 [0.91; 1.19] |
 Composition: urologists |  | 1.11 [0.94; 1.30] | 1.07 [0.91; 1.26] |
 Composition: rehabilitation facilities |  | 0.97 [0.85; 1.12] | 0.96 [0.83; 1.10] |
 Composition: hospitals |  | 1.01 [0.88; 1.16] | 0.98 [0.86; 1.13] |
 Composition: logarithm of number of providers in provider networks |  | 1.06* [1.00; 1.13] | 1.05 [0.99; 1.11] |
 Composition: number of comorbidities |  | 3.08* [1.36; 6.97] | 2.95* [1.30; 6.68] |
Quality of care indicators | Â | Â | Â |
 COC asthma |  | 1.01* [1.00; 1.02] | 1.01* [1.00; 1.02] |
 SECON asthma |  | 1.00 [0.99; 1.01] | 1.00 [0.99; 1.00] |
 UPC asthma |  | 0.98* [0.96; 0.99] | 0.98* [0.97; 0.99] |
 COC COPD |  | 0.88* [0.84; 0.93] | 0.89* [0.84; 0.94] |
 SECON COPD |  | 1.06* [1.03; 1.08] | 1.06* [1.03; 1.08] |
 UPC COPD |  | 1.12* [1.04; 1.20] | 1.11* [1.03; 1.19] |
 COC dementia |  | 0.93* [0.89; 0.97] | 0.93* [0.89; 0.97] |
 SECON dementia |  | 1.01 [0.99; 1.03] | 1.01 [1.00; 1.03] |
 UPC dementia |  | 1.10* [1.04; 1.16] | 1.10* [1.04; 1.16] |
 COC T2D |  | 1.18* [1.11; 1.25] | 1.17* [1.11; 1.24] |
 SECON T2D |  | 0.96* [0.94; 0.98] | 0.96* [0.94; 0.98] |
 UPC T2D |  | 0.84* [0.78; 0.89] | 0.84* [0.78; 0.90] |
 COC heart failure |  | 0.98 [0.95; 1.00] | 0.97* [0.95; 0.99] |
 SECON heart failure |  | 0.99 [0.98; 1.00] | 0.99 [0.98; 1.00] |
 UPC heart failure |  | 1.05* [1.02; 1.08] | 1.06* [1.03; 1.10] |
 Asthma: prevalence |  | 0.99 [0.95; 1.02] | 0.99 [0.95; 1.02] |
 Asthma: spirometry |  | 1.00 [1.00; 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00; 1.00] |
 Asthma: inhalative medication |  | 1.00 [1.00; 1.01] | 1.00 [1.00; 1.01] |
 Asthma: ICS |  | 1.00 [1.00; 1.01] | 1.00 [1.00; 1.01] |
 Medication: PRISCUS |  | 0.93* [0.91; 0.95] | 0.92*[0.91; 0.94] |
 Medication: beta-blocker after myocardial infarction |  | 1.00 [0.99; 1.00] | 0.99 [0.99; 1.00] |
 Medication: ACE-inhibitor upon hypertension and renal insufficiency |  | 1.00 [0.99; 1.01] | 1.00 [0.99; 1.00] |
 Medication: ACE-inhibitor upon heart failure |  | 1.01* [1.00; 1.01] | 1.01 [1.00; 1.01] |
 Medication: beta-blocker upon asthma |  | 1.01* [1.00; 1.02] | 1.01* [1.00; 1.02] |
 Medication: electrolyte check upon diuretics |  | 1.00 [0.99; 1.01] | 1.00 [0.99; 1.00] |
 Medication: polypharmacy |  | 1.01 [1.00; 1.03] | 1.01 [0.99; 1.03] |
 Ambulatory care sensitive hospital cases |  | 0.98 [0.94; 1.02] | 0.96 [0.92; 1.00] |
 COPD: prevalence |  | 0.99 [0.96; 1.01] | 0.98 [0.96; 1.01] |
 COPD: inhalative medication |  | 1.02* [1.01; 1.03] | 1.02* [1.01; 1.03] |
 COPD: acute inpatient treatment |  | 1.01 [0.99; 1.04] | 1.01 [0.98; 1.03] |
 COPD: respiratory therapy |  | 0.99 [0.98; 1.00] | 0.99 [0.98; 1.00] |
 COPD: influenza vaccination |  | 1.00 [0.99; 1.01] | 1.00 [0.99; 1.01] |
 COPD: specific beta-blocker therapy |  | 0.98* [0.97; 0.99] | 0.98* [0.98; 0.99] |
 COPD: specific anticholinergic therapy |  | 0.98* [0.97; 0.99] | 0.98* [0.97; 0.99] |
 COPD: oral corticosteroids |  | 1.01* [1.00; 1.03] | 1.02* [1.00; 1.03] |
 CVD: prevalence hypertension |  | 0.98 [0.97; 1.00] | 0.99 [0.97; 1.00] |
 CVD: medication for hypertension |  | 0.98 [0.96; 1.01] | 0.97 [0.95; 1.00] |
 CVD: prevalence heart failure |  | 1.04* [1.02; 1.06] | 1.04* [1.02; 1.06] |
 CVD: echocardiography upon heart failure |  | 1.00 [1.00; 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00; 1.00] |
 CVD: 12-lead ECG upon heart failure |  | 1.00 [1.00; 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00; 1.00] |
 CVD: ACE-inhibitor upon heart failure |  | 1.00 [0.99; 1.00] | 1.00 [0.99; 1.01] |
 CVD: beta-blocker upon heart failure |  | 1.00 [1.00; 1.01] | 1.00 [1.00; 1.01] |
 CVD: anticoagulant upon atrial fibrillation and heart failure |  | 1.00* [0.99; 1.00] | 1.00* [0.99; 1.00] |
 CVD: referral to cardiologist upon heart failure |  | 1.00* [1.00; 1.00] | 1.00* [1.00; 1.00] |
 CVD: acute inpatient treatment of heart failure |  | 1.00 [1.00; 1.01] | 1.00 [1.00; 1.01] |
 CVD: apoplexy treatment in stroke unit |  | 1.03* [1.01; 1.04] | 1.03* [1.02; 1.05] |
 CVD: platelet aggregation inhibitor upon stable chronic coronary heart disease |  | 0.96* [0.95; 0.96] | 0.95* [0.94; 0.96] |
 CVD: statins upon coronary heart disease |  | 1.01 [1.00; 1.02] | 1.01 [1.00; 1.02] |
 CVD: anti-hypertensive therapy upon coronary heart disease and hypertension |  | 1.02* [1.00; 1.03] | 1.02* [1.01; 1.04] |
 Dementia: prevalence |  | 0.93* [0.90; 0.95] | 0.91* [0.88; 0.94] |
 Dementia: B12 and TSH |  | 1.00 [0.99; 1.00] | 1.00 [0.99; 1.01] |
 T2D: prevalence |  | 0.96* [0.95; 0.97] | 0.96* [0.95; 0.98] |
 T2D: control of HbA1c |  | 0.97* [0.97; 0.98] | 0.97* [0.97; 0.98] |
 T2D: ophthalmological examination |  | 0.99* [0.98; 0.99] | 0.99* [0.98; 0.99] |
 T2D: fundus examination |  | 0.99* [0.98; 1.00] | 0.99* [0.98; 1.00] |
 T2D: triglycerides and cholesterol |  | 1.00* [1.00; 1.01] | 1.00* [1.00; 1.01] |
 T2D: hypertension, nephropathy and ACE-inhibitor or AT1-blocker |  | 1.00 [1.00; 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00; 1.00] |
 T2D: control of serum-creatinine |  | 1.03* [1.02; 1.03] | 1.03* [1.02; 1.04] |
 Osteoarthritis: prevalence |  | 1.02* [1.00; 1.03] | 1.02* [1.00; 1.04] |
 Osteoporosis: prevalence |  | 1.00 [0.98; 1.03] | 1.01 [0.99; 1.03] |
 Prevention: influenza vaccination |  | 0.99 [0.98; 1.01] | 1.00 [0.98; 1.01] |
 Prevention: mammography |  | 0.99* [0.99; 1.00] | 0.99* [0.99; 1.00] |
 Prevention: faecal occult blood test |  | 1.12* [1.08; 1.16] | 1.12* [1.09; 1.17] |
 Prevention: men's cancer screening |  | 0.98* [0.97; 0.99] | 0.98* [0.97; 0.99] |
 Prevention: skin-cancer screening |  | 0.91* [0.87; 0.94] | 0.90* [0.87; 0.93] |
 Depression: prevalence |  | 0.96* [0.94; 0.98] | 0.96* [0.94; 0.98] |
 Depression: anti-depressive pharmacotherapy |  | 1.01* [1.00; 1.02] | 1.01* [1.01; 1.02] |
Model parameters | Â | Â | Â |
 R2 | 0.084 | 0.020 | 0.086 |
 AIC | 733,624.5 | 774,180.5 | 732,212.3 |
 Random effects SD | 0.320 | 0.375 | 0.374 |
 N (person-quarters under risk) | 1,622,695 | 1,622,695 | 1,622,695 |
 Events (Nursing home admissions) | 35,540 | 35,540 | 35,540 |