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Table 2 Characteristics of the Provider Networks according to 2007-Q1 and 2016-Q4

From: Associations between quality of care in informal provider networks and nursing home admissions in Germany: results of a retrospective cohort study using German health claims data

 

2007-Q1 (n = 406)

2016-Q4 (n = 336)

If not stated otherwise mean proportion (standard deviation)

Composition

 Therapists

0.45 (0.11)

0.47 (0.07)

 General practitioners

0.13 (0.06)

0.12 (0.03)

 Other disciplines

0.13 (0.05)

0.12 (0.04)

 Multidisciplinary practices

0.08 (0.04)

0.08 (0.04)

 Psychologists and psychotherapists

0.07 (0.03)

0.06 (0.03)

 Internists

0.06 (0.02)

0.06 (0.02)

 Ophthalmologists

0.02 (0.01)

0.02 (0.01)

 Surgeons

0.02 (0.01)

0.02 (0.01)

 Orthopaedics

0.02 (0.01)

0.02 (0.01)

 Urologists

0.01 (0.01)

0.01 (0.00)

 Rehabilitation facilities

0.01 (0.01)

0.01 (0.01)

 Hospitals

0.01 (0.01)

0.01 (0.00)

 Proportion of care-dependent people in provider network (cluster)

0.09 (0.06)

0.14 (0.04)

 Number of providers in cluster (Mean, SD)

825.05 (982.07)

918.60 (1044.78)

 Number of patients in cluster (PN-dataset) (Mean, SD)

16,334.37 (17,981.95)

16,636.75 (18,631.82)

 Number of patients in cluster (cohort dataset) (Mean, SD)

288.36 (358.91)

26.67 (37.52)

 Number of comorbidities (Mean, SD)

1.83 (0.18)

2.29 (0.19)

Quality of care indicators

 COC Asthma (Mean, SD)

0.78 (0.05)

0.60 (0.10)

 SECON Asthma (Mean, SD)

0.88 (0.03)

0.82 (0.07)

 UPC Asthma (Mean, SD)

0.86 (0.04)

0.76 (0.06)

 COC COPD (Mean, SD)

0.79 (0.04)

0.70 (0.06)

 SECON COPD (Mean, SD)

0.89 (0.03)

0.79 (0.04)

 UPC COPD (Mean, SD)

0.87 (0.03)

0.81 (0.04)

 COC Dementia (Mean, SD)

0.85 (0.04)

0.78 (0.05)

 SECON Dementia (Mean, SD)

0.93 (0.02)

0.85 (0.03)

 UPC Dementia (Mean, SD)

0.91 (0.03)

0.86 (0.03)

 COC Diabetes (Mean, SD)

0.82 (0.04)

0.73 (0.07)

 SECON Diabetes (Mean, SD)

0.92 (0.02)

0.80 (0.06)

 UPC Diabetes (Mean, SD)

0.88 (0.03)

0.82 (0.05)

 COC Heart Failure (Mean, SD)

0.78 (0.05)

0.68 (0.06)

 SECON Heart Failure (Mean, SD)

0.90 (0.03)

0.80 (0.04)

 UPC Heart Failure (Mean, SD)

0.86 (0.04)

0.80 (0.05)

 Asthma: Prevalence

0.04 (0.01)

0.06 (0.02)

 Asthma: Spirometry

0.33 (0.14)

0.40 (0.17)

 Asthma: Inhalative medication

0.46 (0.10)

0.47 (0.08)

 Asthma: ICS

0.28 (0.09)

0.25 (0.08)

 Medication: PRISCUS

0.20 (0.03)

0.15 (0.02)

 Medication: Beta-Blocker after myocardial infarction

0.55 (0.06)

0.65 (0.04)

 Medication: ACE-inhibitor upon hypertension and renal insufficiency

0.45 (0.06)

0.38 (0.04)

 Medication: ACE-inhibitor upon heart failure

0.47 (0.07)

0.39 (0.04)

 Medication: Beta-blocker upon asthma

0.20 (0.06)

0.31 (0.05)

 Medication: Electrolyte check upon diuretics

0.24 (0.06)

0.27 (0.07)

 Medication: Polypharmacy

0.32 (0.04)

0.40 (0.04)

 Ambulatory care sensitive hospital cases

0.03 (0.01)

0.03 (0.01)

 COPD: Prevalence

0.09 (0.02)

0.13 (0.03)

 COPD: Inhalative medication

0.43 (0.05)

0.47 (0.04)

 COPD: Acute inpatient treatment

0.03 (0.01)

0.02 (0.01)

 COPD: Respiratory therapy

0.04 (0.03)

0.08 (0.03)

 COPD: Influenza vaccination

0.01 (0.01)

0.30 (0.08)

 COPD: Specific beta-blocker therapy

0.34 (0.05)

0.43 (0.05)

 COPD: Specific anticholinergic therapy

0.20 (0.04)

0.27 (0.04)

 COPD: Oral corticosteroids

0.12 (0.04)

0.10 (0.02)

 CVD: Prevalence hypertension

0.61 (0.06)

0.72 (0.05)

 CVD: Medication for hypertension

0.05 (0.02)

0.05 (0.02)

 CVD: Prevalence heart failure

0.02 (0.01)

0.06 (0.03)

 CVD: Echocardiography upon heart failure

0.05 (0.14)

0.08 (0.19)

 CVD: 12-lead ECG upon heart failure

0.10 (0.18)

0.11 (0.22)

 CVD: ACE-inhibiter upon heart failure

0.57 (0.08)

0.62 (0.04)

 CVD: Beta-blocker upon heart failure

0.48 (0.08)

0.58 (0.05)

 CVD: Anticoagulant upon atrial fibrillation and heart failure

0.41 (0.10)

0.32 (0.10)

 CVD: Referral to cardiologist upon heart failure

0.01 (0.06)

0.27 (0.32)

 CVD: Acute inpatient treatment of heart failure

0.14 (0.06)

0.06 (0.03)

 CVD: Apoplexy treatment in stroke unit

0.02 (0.01)

0.03 (0.02)

 CVD: Platelet aggregation inhibitor upon stable chronic coronary heart disease

0.21 (0.05)

0.27 (0.05)

 CVD: Statins upon coronary heart disease

0.29 (0.05)

0.46 (0.05)

 CVD: Anti-hypertensive therapy upon coronary heart disease and hypertension

0.85 (0.02)

0.89 (0.02)

 Dementia: Prevalence

0.04 (0.02)

0.07 (0.02)

 Dementia: B12 and TSH

0.01 (0.02)

0.04 (0.04)

 T2D: Prevalence

0.22 (0.05)

0.30 (0.05)

 T2D: HbA1c

0.61 (0.08)

0.61 (0.15)

 T2D: Ophthalmological examination

0.26 (0.08)

0.28 (0.04)

 T2D: Fundus examination

0.16 (0.04)

0.14 (0.04)

 T2D: Triglycerides and cholesterol

0.19 (0.09)

0.20 (0.09)

 T2D: Hypertension, nephropathy and ACE-inhibitor or AT1-blocker

0.62 (0.10)

0.67 (0.04)

 T2D: Serum-creatinine

0.57 (0.08)

0.56 (0.12)

 Osteoarthritis: Prevalence

0.26 (0.04)

0.35 (0.05)

 Osteoporosis: Prevalence

0.10 (0.02)

0.12 (0.02)

 Prevention: Influenza vaccination

0.01 (0.01)

0.25 (0.08)

 Prevention: Mammography

0.01 (0.03)

0.03 (0.04)

 Prevention: Faecal occult blood test

0.02 (0.01)

0.01 (0.00)

 Prevention: Men's cancer screening

0.07 (0.02)

0.07 (0.02)

 Prevention: Skin-cancer screening

0.00 (0.00)

0.01 (0.00)

 Depression: Prevalence

0.12 (0.03)

0.18 (0.03)

 Depression: Anti-depressive pharmacotherapy

0.35 (0.05)

0.34 (0.04)

  1. SD, standard deviation; COC, Continuity of Care Index; UPC, Usual Provider Index; SECON, Sequential Continuity of Care Index; T2D, type 2 diabetes mellitus; ICS, Inhalative Corticosteroids; PRISCUS, List of potential inadequate medication for the elderly; CVD, Cardiovascular disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; B12, Vitamin B12; TSH, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone