Fig. 3

Illustration of the definition of the beauty coefficient B and its awakening year \(t_a\). The black curve represents the number of citations \(c_t\) received by the paper at age t. The awakening time \(t_a \le t_m\) is defined as the age that maximises the distance from the line connceting points (\(0, c_0\)) and (\(t_m, c_{t_m}\)). B is calculated as a summation of the ratio of blue lines against each blue dot line from 0 to \(t_m\)