Fig. 3

a Displays the collaboration entropy measure within and outside of the region of each country in the final time period, with points scaled by the total number of collaborations. We observe that European countries tend to have diverse collaborations within their region relative to those further afield, while for many countries in Africa or the Americas the reverse is true. b Plots the average proportion of within-region entropy (as a share of total entropy) for each continent. We observe that Africa and Asia have greatly increased their focus on diverse within-region collaboration since 1970 (Data may be found in supplementary file 'Collaboration entropy data by country, year (Additional file 3))