Fig. 4

Percentage of migrants versus returnees per department. Dots represent departments. The x-axis represents the relative number of migrants per department in 2019. The y-axis represents the relative number of returnees per department in 2019. The dot size is proportional to the department population. The dot color is proportional to the department distance to Caracas, Venezuela. The distance has been normalized by subtracting the average distance and dividing by the standard deviation. Blue indicates closer to Caracas. Red and green indicate farther. Scales in Figure. The vertical and horizontal dashed lines show the expected relative number of migrants or returnees if the distributions were uniform. The diagonal line is the identity (x=y). The departments hosting Bogotá, Medellín and Cali have been annotated