Fig. 7From: Computational modelling of TNFα related pathways regulated by neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance in neurodegenerationRelative concentration differences in cellular factors that led to oxidative stress regulated by TNFα in AD and PD. a Relative concentration changes in TNFα, Il-1β, ROS, Aβ, tau, etc. could trigger oxidative stress in AD. The role of oxidative stress in TNFα signalling pathway was modelled and elevations in concentration levels of TNFα, Il-1β, tau and Aβ during AD conditions suggests an increase in microglial activation. Increased tau and calcium have also been noticed with the elevations in concentrations of TNFα and microglial activation. b The increase in TNFα and IL-1β was observed compared to normal conditions. This led to an increased concentration level of ROS. The increased level of caspase 1 with the increase in level of cytochrome c was noted. Both these processes may lead to cell death. Microglial activation was also high in both AD and PD conditionsBack to article page