Table 1 Country level Brain Circulation indicators

θ

0 before the move and 1 after

S_θ

Output of stationary scientist in domestic cities

D_θ

Output of scientist moving between domestic cities

I_θ

Output of scientist coming from a foreign city to a domestic city.

L_θ

Output of scientist leaving the country for a foreign city.

A₀

S₀+D₀+L₀

Total Output in the country before the move year

A₁

S₁+D₁+I₁

Total Output in the country after the move year

g_A

(A₁−A₀)/A₀

National output growth of output

g_S

(S₁−S₀)/S₀

Output growth from stationary scientists

g_D

(D₁−D₀)/D₀

Output growth from domestically mobile scientists

g_I

(I₁−L₀)/L₀

Output growth from international exchange

\({\overline {\text {age}}}_{I}\)

Average age (years from first publication) for incoming

\({\overline {\text {age}}}_{L}\)

Average age of leaving scientists

\(\Delta {\overline {\text {age}}}\)

\({\overline {\text {age}}}_{L} - {\overline {\text {age}}}_{I}\)

Age difference between leaving and incoming scientists