Modeling the structure and dynamics of transnational illicit networks: an application to cigarette trafficking

Applied Network Science

Table 1 Description of the data used to estimate the transnational cigarette trafficking network, 2008–2017

Variable	Source	Mean	St. Dev.	Min	Max	N
Illicit cigarette consumption	Authors’ elaborations of EPS and legal registered production data	67.8 mn sticks	348.6 mn	1530 Spanish illicit sticks smoked in Bulgaria in 2015	8.8 bn Polish illicit sticks smoked in Germany in 2013	9059
‘Unknown-origin’ seizures	Authors’ data collection from open sources	9.6 mn sticks	58.9 mn	60 sticks seized in 2010 while flowing from North Macedonia to Bulgaria	1.6 bn sticks seized in 2017 while flowing from Tunisia to Libya	930
‘Known-origin’ seizures	Authors’ data collection from open sources	7.1 mn sticks	52.3 mn	120 Greek sticks seized in 2017 while flowing from Greece to North Macedonia	1.2 bn Chinese sticks seized in 2011 while flowing from the Netherlands to Germany	584
Geographical distance	Mayer and Zignago 2011	8430.2 km	4663.6 km	72.7 km between Israel and Palestine	19,781 km between Taiwan and Paraguay	47,742

Note: for illicit consumption and seizure data, descriptive statistics exclude all the 0 values, which were attributed to observations with no estimated illicit consumption or no evidence of seizure