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Fig. 1 | Applied Network Science

Fig. 1

From: Multiplex networks reveal geographic constraints on illicit wildlife trafficking

Fig. 1

Schematic model of wildlife trade of multiple species. (Left panel) Species are harvested from place “a” and smuggled to place “b”. In the process, populations of species are depleted in “a” and individuals are consumed (e.g. pets or derived products) in place “b”. Typically, only the mobility of species is considered; however here we also account for material and symbolic fluxes, as indicated in subpanel c. Traditional and religious customs, as well as diseases, are examples of material and symbolic content. Furthermore, species flux also depends on various social networks that facilitate trafficking. (Right panel) Shown are three proposed motifs that represent how traffickers could move between places (blue circles) trading multiple species (species1 flux = orange, species2 flux = green) across a generic path. Example 1 illustrates a trafficker exchanging species. Example 2 illustrates a trafficker trading multiple species simultaneously. Example 3 illustrates a trafficker trading multiple species at different times by way of returning via the same path

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