Fig. 4

Model of a multicast email as a temporal text network. The entire text content of the email (including the subject line and the body) are encoded as a single message M₁. The sender of the email (User A) and the two friends (User B, User C) are modeled as individual actors. In this case, the ingoing and outgoing edges of the message contain a different time, indicating the delivery and reception timestamps registered in the email servers