Fig. 1

Rewiring urban shopping trips. a Average income per business in the neighborhoods of Barcelona resulting from individual transactions. The average income has been normalized by the maximum value among neighborhoods. The data correspond to 2011 and is displayed by zip code in the metropolitan area. From this perspective, some neighborhoods are five times richer than others. b The general principle common to the iterative rewiring methods. At each step a transaction is randomly selected, along with the possible alternative businesses (highlighted in bold). If rewiring the transaction to one of them (randomly selected) decreases inequality between neighborhoods and matches the other constraints, then rewiring is performed